Should I choose Quartz Glass or Soda Lime Glass for my USAF 1951 chart?

Choose Quartz Glass (Premium) when you need UV transmission (200–400 nm), thermal stability (14× more stable than soda lime), ±20 nm line accuracy for high-precision work, or applications above 80°C. Choose Soda Lime Glass (Value) for visible light work at standard temperature, production QC, machine vision, or educational use where ±50 nm tolerance is acceptable.

What is the difference between Blue Chrome and Brown Chrome coatings?

Blue Chrome (BLC) is a multi-layer anti-glare coating with surface reflectance below 2% and flat spectral response from 400–700 nm — ideal for high-contrast MTF measurement. Brown Chrome (BRC) is a single-layer chromium coating with surface reflectance around 5%, slightly elevated in red wavelengths. Both achieve optical density ≥ OD3 with contrast ratio over 1000:1.

How accurate are CalibVision USAF 1951 targets?

Premium targets (Quartz Glass + Blue Chrome) are manufactured to ±20 nm line width tolerance and ±1 μm surface flatness. Value targets (Soda Lime + Brown Chrome) hold ±50 nm line tolerance and ±3 μm flatness. Both have coating optical density ≥ OD3. Optional NIM-traceable third-party metrology institute calibration available — additional fee applies.

What is the difference between USAF 1951 and ISO 12233?

USAF 1951 uses discrete three-bar patterns for visual limiting resolution measurement — primarily for microscopy, machine vision, and lens evaluation. ISO 12233 uses slanted edges and hyperbolic wedges for automated Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) and MTF computation — primarily for digital camera and ISP testing. USAF is substrate-based and simpler; ISO 12233 is comprehensive and software-driven.

How is the chrome pattern on a USAF 1951 chart manufactured?

Chrome patterns are created by physical vapor deposition (PVD) of high-purity chromium onto the glass substrate, followed by laser-direct-write photolithography to define bar geometry to sub-micron precision. The chromium layer is chemically etched to leave precise three-bar patterns. For Blue Chrome, additional anti-reflection layers reduce surface reflectance below 2%.

usaf 1951 resolution test target — chrome on glass, 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm, mil std 150a compliant

USAF 1951 Resolution Test Target — Chrome on Glass, 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm, MIL-STD-150A Compliant - Image 2

Custom USAF 1951 calibration target with Group 0-9 patterns on glass

USAF 1951 Resolution Test Target — Chrome on Glass, 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm, MIL-STD-150A Compliant

Q: What is the difference between Positive and Negative USAF 1951 targets?

A Positive target has chrome (opaque) patterns on a clear (transmissive) substrate — bars appear dark against bright background in transmission. A Negative target has clear patterns cut into a chrome background — bars appear bright against dark. Choose Positive for standard brightfield microscopy and lens MTF testing; choose Negative for darkfield, phase contrast, DIC microscopy, or collimator alignment.

Q: What does (0-9, 6) versus (0-9, 1) mean in CalibVision USAF SKU naming?

The first number is the Group range — the chart covers Groups 0 through 9. The second number is the maximum Element at the highest group: 1 means the chart stops at Group 9 Element 1 (512 lp/mm), while 6 extends to Group 9 Element 6 (912.30 lp/mm). Choose the 6 variant for high-resolution optics like microscope objectives above 40×, semiconductor inspection, or AR/VR displays.

Q: Why do 3 inch USAF 1951 targets include Group minus 2 and minus 1?

The 3 inch (76×76 mm) targets have physical room to include Groups −2 and −1 (0.25 to 0.89 lp/mm) in addition to standard Group 0–9. This is essential for wide-field optical systems, large-format lenses, telescope objectives, and short working distances. A single 3 inch chart covers 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm — a 3,650 times resolution range.

Q: How long does a USAF 1951 target last?

Stored flat in optical case at 20–25°C and 30–50% relative humidity, away from UV light, Quartz Glass targets remain accurate for 10+ years. Soda Lime Glass targets last 5–10 years. Recalibration is recommended every 3 years for ISO 17025 accredited labs; for general production, every 5 years or when chrome shows visible scratches or delamination.

Price range: $154.11 through $3,619.17

MIL-STD-150A compliant — three-bar patterns from Group 0 Element 1 up to Group 9 Element 6 (912.30 lp/mm), with extended Group −2 (down to 0.25 lp/mm) on 3″ targets.
Industry-leading 0.55 µm line width — our Group 9 Element 6 targets resolve to 912.30 lp/mm (0.55 µm line width). Most manufacturers stop at Group 9 Element 1 (512 lp/mm, ~1 µm line width). Custom orders down to 0.1 µm for semiconductor wafer calibration.
Quartz Glass (Fused Silica) substrate — every target on premium fused silica for superior thermal stability, UV transmission, and flatness. Chrome coating ≥ OD3.
Two coating options — Brown Chrome across the full range, or Blue Chrome for standard 512 lp/mm targets (enhanced contrast under reflected light).
Positive & Negative versions for both bright-field/transmission and dark-field/reflection applications.
3 standard sizes — 1″ (25×25 mm), 2″ (50×50 mm), 3″ (76×76 mm with extended Group −2 patterns) — all 2.3 mm thick. Optional NIM-traceable metrology-institute calibration available (additional fee).

SKU N/A Category USAF 1951 Resolution Target Tags Calibration Targets, USAF1951 Test Targets Brand: Calibvision

Size

Polarity

Group Range

Clear

USAF Series - Naming System Guide

Breaking Down: CV-USAF-1-P-(0-9, 1)-BRC

Model	Material	Coating	Over size	Polarity	Thickness	Group Range	Max. lp/mm
CV-USAF-1-P-(0-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	25x25mm/ 1"	Positive	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-1-N-(0-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	25x25mm/ 1"	Negative	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-2-P-(0-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	50x50mm/ 2"	Positive	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-2-N-(0-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	50x50mm/ 2"	Negative	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-3-P-(0-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Positive	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-3-N-(0-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Negative	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-1-P-(0-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	25x25mm/ 1"	Positive	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-1-N-(0-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	25x25mm/ 1"	Negative	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-2-P-(0-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	50x50mm/ 2"	Positive	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-2-N-(0-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	50x50mm/ 2"	Negative	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-3-P-(0-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Positive	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-3-N-(0-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Negative	2.3mm	Group 0 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-3-P-(-2-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Positive	2.3mm	Group -2 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-3-N-(-2-9, 1)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Negative	2.3mm	Group -2 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 1	512
CV-USAF-3-P-(-2-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Positive	2.3mm	Group -2 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912
CV-USAF-3-N-(-2-9, 6)-BRC	Quartz Glass	Brown Chrome	76x76mm/ 3"	Negative	2.3mm	Group -2 Element 1 to Group 9 Element 6	912

Product Overview

The USAF 1951 resolution test target is a standardized optical chart defined by U.S. Air Force MIL-STD-150A (1951) for measuring the limiting resolution of imaging systems. It contains three-bar patterns arranged in 12 groups (−2 to 9), each with 6 elements. Resolution in line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) is calculated by 2 (Group + (Element − 1) / 6), ranging from 0.25 lp/mm at Group −2 Element 1 to 912.30 lp/mm at Group 9 Element 6.

Specifications

Parameter	Value Line (SG + BRC, Element 1)	Premium Line (QG + BLC, Element 6)
Resolution Range	up to 512 lp/mm	up to 912.30 lp/mm
Substrate Material	Soda Lime Glass	Quartz Glass (Fused Silica)
Coating	Brown Chrome	Blue Chrome (Anti-glare)
Thickness (1")	1.6 mm	1.6 mm
Thickness (2"/3")	2.3 mm	2.3 mm
Thickness Tolerance	±0.1 mm	±0.1 mm
Dimensional Tolerance	±0.5 mm	±0.5 mm
Line Width Tolerance	±50 nm	±20 nm
Surface Flatness	±3 μm	±1 μm
Coating Optical Density	≥ OD3	≥ OD3
Coating Thickness	100 nm	120 nm
Surface Finish (Scratch-Dig)	60/40	40/20
Surface Reflectance (Visible)	< 5%	< 2%
UV Transmission (200–400 nm)	Limited	Good (>90%)
Thermal Expansion (×10⁻⁶/°C)	9	0.55
Working Temperature	−20 to +80°C	−60 to +250°C
Standard Compliance	MIL-STD-150A	MIL-STD-150A
Calibration Option	NIM-traceable third-party (extra fee)	NIM-traceable third-party (extra fee)

Resolution Data Table — Line Pairs per Millimeter (lp/mm)

Industry reference table for converting USAF 1951 (Group, Element) coordinates to resolution in line pairs per millimeter. Calculated by the standard formula: lp/mm = 2^(Group + (Element − 1) / 6).

Element \ Group	−2	−1	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	0.25	0.5	1	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512
2	0.281	0.561	1.12	2.24	4.49	8.98	17.96	35.9	71.8	143.7	287.4	574.7
3	0.315	0.63	1.26	2.52	5.04	10.08	20.16	40.3	80.6	161.3	322.5	645.1
4	0.354	0.707	1.41	2.83	5.66	11.31	22.63	45.3	90.5	181	362	724.1
5	0.397	0.794	1.59	3.17	6.35	12.7	25.4	50.8	101.6	203.2	406.4	812.7
6	0.445	0.891	1.78	3.56	7.13	14.25	28.51	57	114	228.1	456.1	912.3

Line Width Data Table — Bar Width in Micrometers (μm)

Industry reference table for the physical width of each bar in a USAF 1951 three-bar pattern. Calculated as: Line Width (μm) = 1000 / (2 × lp/mm).

Element \ Group	−2	−1	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	2000	1000	500	250	125	62.5	31.25	15.63	7.81	3.91	1.95	0.98
2	1781.8	890.9	445.45	222.72	111.36	55.68	27.84	13.92	6.96	3.48	1.74	0.87
3	1587.4	793.7	396.85	198.43	99.21	49.61	24.8	12.4	6.2	3.1	1.55	0.78
4	1414.21	707.11	353.55	176.78	88.39	44.19	22.1	11.05	5.52	2.76	1.38	0.69
5	1259.92	629.96	314.98	157.49	78.75	39.37	19.69	9.84	4.92	2.46	1.23	0.62
6	1122.46	561.23	280.62	140.31	70.15	35.08	17.54	8.77	4.38	2.19	1.1	0.55

Resolution Selector — Group / Element Reference Table (MIL-STD-150A)

Use this table to pick the resolution range your application needs. Find your use case, read across to the lp/mm, then choose the matching SKU.

Group	Element 1 (lp/mm)	Element 6 (lp/mm)	Use Case
−2	0.25	0.45	Ultra-wide-field optics, telephoto lenses
−1	0.5	0.89	Low-frequency testing of standard lenses
0	1	1.78	Entry-level resolution checks
1	2	3.56	General industrial lenses
2	4	7.13	Consumer camera lenses
3	8	14.25	High-end camera lenses
4	16	28.51	Microscope objectives (low magnification)
5	32	57.02	Microscope objectives (medium magnification)
6	64	114.04	Microscope objectives (high magnification)
7	128	228.07	Microscope objectives (oil immersion)
8	256	456.14	Semiconductor inspection, ultra-high resolution
9	512	912.3	Diffraction-limit resolution, AR/VR micro-lenses

Quick guide:

Minimum Line / Space Width

See the Difference: 1 µm vs 0.55 µm Resolution

Standard targets stop at ~1 µm. CalibVision high-resolution targets resolve down to 0.55 µm — and custom to 0.1 µm.

Standard

Group 9 Element 1

512 lp/mm (1.0 µm line width)

High-Resolution

Group 9 Element 6

912.30 lp/mm (0.55 µm line width)

Note: Custom patterns available down to 0.1 µm for semiconductor wafer calibration.

Material & Coating Options

Positive vs Negative

Property	Positive Pattern	Negative Pattern

Pattern (dark)	Chrome (opaque)	Clear (substrate)
Background (light)	Clear (substrate)	Chrome (opaque)
Best For	Transmission mode with bright field illumination	Transmission mode with dark field illumination
Microscope Use	Standard brightfield microscopy	Phase contrast / DIC microscopy
Camera Lens MTF	Most common choice	Specialty applications
Reflective Setup	Pattern appears dark on bright ceramic	Pattern appears bright on dark chrome

Blue Chrome vs Brown Chrome Coating on Quartz Glass Target

Both Blue Chrome and Brown Chrome are chromium-based coatings deposited on the same Quartz Glass substrate. They differ mainly in reflectance across the visible spectrum, which affects how the target behaves under different illumination.

Brown Chrome is the default coating for Calibvision USAF 1951 targets — it offers high contrast, excellent edge sharpness, and reliable performance for the vast majority of resolution-testing applications.

Blue Chrome features a flatter, lower reflectance (anti-glare) across 400–700 nm, making it useful for high-contrast SFR / MTF setups or reflected-light measurements where glare must be minimized.

Property	Blue Chrome (BLC)	Brown Chrome (BRC)

Coating Color	Dark blue-gray	Dark brown
Background (light)	Clear (substrate)	Chrome (opaque)
Best For	Transmission mode with bright field illumination	Transmission mode with dark field illumination
Microscope Use	Standard brightfield microscopy	Phase contrast / DIC microscopy
Camera Lens MTF	Most common choice	Specialty applications
Reflective Setup	Pattern appears dark on bright ceramic	Pattern appears bright on dark chrome

Calibvision USAF 1951 targets ship with Brown Chrome by default. If your application requires Blue Chrome, please contact us — we’ll prepare it to your specification.

Why Choose Calibvision USAF 1951 Targets

0.55 µm line width (912.30 lp/mm)

Industry-leading standard resolution, with custom down to 0.1 µm

Quartz Glass on every target

Fused silica flatness and UV transmission as standard, not an upgrade

Brown or Blue Chrome at the same price

Pick by your imaging setup, not your budget

MIL-STD-150A geometry

Verified group/element scaling, including extended Group −2 on 3″ targets

Coating optical density ≥ OD3

High-contrast bars for clean edge

Semiconductor-grade custom capability

Sub-micron patterns for wafer calibration

NIM-traceable calibration available

Optional third-party metrology-institute certification (additional fee)

Worldwide shipping

with serial-numbered inspection report

Applications

Microscope Objective Lens

Validation, fluorescence microscope calibration

Machine Vision Systems

Line-scan and area-scan resolution qualification

Endoscope & Medical Optics

Resolution verification for small-diameter imaging systems

Semiconductor Wafer Metrology

custom 0.1 µm patterns for sub-micron calibration

Astronomy & Remote Sensing

Telescope and satellite payload qualification

AR/VR Optics

Waveguide and microdisplay resolution measurement

Academic & Research Labs

Undergraduate optics teaching (Value), photonics research

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the USAF 1951 resolution test target?

The USAF 1951 resolution test target is an optical chart developed by the United States Air Force in 1951 (MIL-STD-150A) for measuring imaging system resolution. It contains three-bar patterns in groups (−2 to 9) and elements (1 to 6), with resolution calculated by 2^(Group + (Element − 1) / 6), covering 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm.

Q2. How do I calculate resolution from a USAF 1951 chart?

Use the formula lp/mm = 2^(Group + (Element − 1) / 6). For Group 4 Element 3: 2^(4 + 2/6) = 2^4.333 = 20.16 lp/mm. The smallest resolvable element on your camera or microscope defines the system’s limiting resolution.

Q3. What is the difference between Positive and Negative USAF 1951 targets?

A Positive target has chrome (opaque) patterns on a clear (transmissive) substrate — bars appear dark against bright background in transmission. A Negative target has clear patterns cut into a chrome background — bars appear bright against a dark background. Choose Positive for standard brightfield microscopy and lens MTF testing; choose Negative for darkfield, phase contrast, DIC microscopy, or collimator alignment.

Q4. What is the highest resolution of a USAF 1951 target?

The standard MIL-STD-150A pattern reaches Group 9 Element 6, which corresponds to 912.30 lp/mm — a line width of about 0.55 µm. Calibvision offers this as a standard high-resolution option. For finer requirements, custom patterns down to 0.1 µm line width are available for semiconductor wafer calibration.

Q5. What line width is Group 9 Element 6?

Group 9 Element 6 is 912.30 lp/mm, which equals a line (and space) width of approximately 0.55 µm. The line width is calculated as 1000 / (2 × lp/mm) = 1000 / 1824.6 ≈ 0.548 µm.

Q6. What's the difference between Brown Chrome and Blue Chrome?

Both have identical resolution, MIL-STD-150A geometry, and the same price. Brown Chrome is optimized for transmission/bright-field imaging; Blue Chrome offers enhanced contrast under reflected light/dark-field thanks to its anti-reflective property. Choose based on your illumination setup.

Q7. Why quartz glass instead of soda-lime glass?

Quartz glass (fused silica) offers superior flatness, deep-UV transmission (from ~185 nm), low thermal expansion, and high chemical durability. Calibvision uses fused silica on every target — flatness and UV transmission come standard, not as a paid upgrade.

Q8. Can you make USAF 1951 targets for semiconductor wafer calibration?

Yes. We manufacture custom patterns with line widths down to 0.1 µm on quartz glass, suitable for semiconductor wafer metrology and sub-micron calibration. Contact us with your group/element range and substrate requirements.

Q9. What sizes are available?

Three standard sizes: 1″ (25×25 mm), 2″ (50×50 mm), and 3″ (76×76 mm). All are 2.3 mm thick on quartz glass. The 3″ size adds extended Group −2 patterns (down to 0.25 lp/mm) for low-frequency testing.

Q10. Is calibration certification available?

Yes, optional. Every target ships with a standard serial-numbered inspection report. For formal traceability, NIM-traceable third-party metrology-institute calibration is available for an additional fee.

Q11. What standard does the USAF 1951 target follow?

The MIL-STD-150A specification, which defines the group/element three-bar pattern geometry and logarithmic resolution scaling from 0.25 lp/mm up to 912.30 lp/mm.

Q12. How do I calculate resolution from group and element?

Resolution (lp/mm) = 2^(Group + (Element−1)/6). For example, Group 9 Element 6 = 2^(9 + 5/6) = 2^9.833 = 912.30 lp/mm. Line width (µm) = 1000 / (2 × lp/mm).

Q13. What does (0-9, 6) vs (0-9, 1) mean?

The first number is the Group range — the chart covers Groups 0 through 9. The second number is the maximum Element included at the highest group: 1 means the chart stops at Group 9 Element 1 (~512 lp/mm), while 6 extends to Group 9 Element 6 (~912.30 lp/mm). Choose the “6” variant for high-resolution optics (microscope objectives ≥40×, semiconductor inspection, AR/VR).

Q14. Why do 3" USAF targets include Group −2 and −1?

The 3″ (76×76 mm) targets have physical room to include Groups −2 and −1 (0.25 to 0.89 lp/mm) in addition to standard Group 0–9. This is essential for wide-field optical systems, large-format lenses, telescope objectives, and short working distances. A single 3″ chart covers 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm — a 3,650× resolution range.

Q15. How long does a USAF 1951 target last?

Stored flat in the supplied optical case, away from UV (for Soda Lime variants), at 20–25°C and 30–50% RH, Quartz Glass targets remain accurate for 10+ years with no measurable drift. Soda Lime Glass targets last 5–10 years. Recalibration is recommended every 3 years for ISO 17025 accredited labs; for general production, every 5 years or when chrome shows visible scratches.

Q16. Can you make custom USAF 1951 patterns?

Yes — Calibvision offers custom USAF 1951 targets with custom Group/Element ranges, custom substrate sizes (up to 200×200 mm), custom shapes (round, multi-pattern arrays), special coatings, and combined targets (USAF + checkerboard + crosshair). Submit through the Custom Quote form for a 24-hour quote.

Featured Snippet Optimized

Q1. What is the ISO 12233 standard?

ISO 12233 is the international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization that specifies methods for measuring the resolution and spatial frequency response (SFR) of electronic still-picture cameras. The latest editions are ISO 12233:2017 and ISO 12233:2024.

Q2. What is the difference between Standard and Enhanced ISO 12233 charts?

The Standard chart conforms to ISO 12233:2000 with hyperbolic wedges measuring 100–2000 LW/PH. The Enhanced (Pro) version adds a star sector target, 5° slant bar, OECF patches, and color patches, and extends resolution measurement to 4000 LW/PH — suitable for high-megapixel sensors and full ISO 12233:2017 analysis.

Q3. Should I choose film or photographic paper for ISO 12233 testing?

Choose transmissive film when you use a backlit light box for high contrast and uniform illumination — this is the standard lab setup. Choose matte photographic paper for ambient or reflective lighting, large-format charts above 1.2 meters, and field installations where backlighting is impractical.

Q4. What size ISO 12233 chart do I need?

Match the magnification to your camera’s pixel count. The chart should cover at least 80% of the frame at your normal working distance. A 24 MP camera typically uses the 1X (200×356 mm) chart; a 100 MP medium-format sensor needs 3X (600×1068 mm) or larger.

Q5. What is SFR in ISO 12233?

SFR (Spatial Frequency Response) is a numerical measurement of how contrast changes across spatial frequencies in a camera system. ISO 12233 defines two SFR methods: edge-based SFR (e-SFR) using slanted edges, and sine-based SFR (s-SFR) using Siemens star patterns.

Q6. How accurate are Calibvision ISO 12233 charts?

Calibvision film ISO 12233 charts are manufactured with ±15 μm feature accuracy, verified by a CNAS-accredited third-party calibration lab. Photographic paper versions hold ±0.1 mm accuracy. Every unit ships with a serial-numbered dimensional inspection report.

Q7. Can I print my own ISO 12233 chart?

Technically yes, but consumer printers cannot reliably achieve the sub-millimeter line accuracy and contrast uniformity required by the standard. Self-printed charts typically introduce 0.5–2 mm errors that invalidate SFR measurements above 1000 LW/PH. Professional charts use photolithography or laser-drawn film.

Q8. Which software works with ISO 12233 charts?

ISO 12233 charts are compatible with Imatest, sfrmat5 (free MATLAB tool by Peter Burns), QuickMTF, MTF Mapper, and most camera test suites including the DxOMark methodology. Calibvision charts work with all major SFR analysis tools.

Q9. What does LW/PH mean on an ISO 12233 chart?

LW/PH stands for “Line Widths per Picture Height” — the unit ISO 12233 uses to express resolution. One line pair equals two line widths. A reading of 2000 LW/PH means the camera can resolve 1000 distinct line pairs across the vertical height of the image.

Q10. How often should I recalibrate or replace an ISO 12233 chart?

Film and photographic paper charts are stable for 3–5 years if stored flat, away from UV light, at 20–25°C and 30–50% RH. Recalibration is recommended every 2 years for ISO 17025 lab environments, or whenever the chart shows visible scratches, fading, or warping.

USAF 1951 Resolution Test Target — Chrome on Glass, 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm, MIL-STD-150A Compliant

USAF Series - Naming System Guide

Product Overview

Specifications

Resolution Data Table — Line Pairs per Millimeter (lp/mm)

Line Width Data Table — Bar Width in Micrometers (μm)

Resolution Selector — Group / Element Reference Table (MIL-STD-150A)

Quick guide:

Minimum Line / Space Width

See the Difference: 1 µm vs 0.55 µm Resolution

Standard

Group 9 Element 1

High-Resolution

Group 9 Element 6

Material & Coating Options

Positive vs Negative

Blue Chrome vs Brown Chrome Coating on Quartz Glass Target

Why Choose Calibvision USAF 1951 Targets

Applications

Microscope Objective Lens

Machine Vision Systems

Endoscope & Medical Optics

Semiconductor Wafer Metrology

Astronomy & Remote Sensing

AR/VR Optics

Academic & Research Labs

Frequently Asked Questions

Featured Snippet Optimized

Get Your Quote Now

USAF 1951 Resolution Test Target — Chrome on Glass, 0.25 to 912.30 lp/mm, MIL-STD-150A Compliant